Advancing and retreating Ma-ai 2 – (ιεγ) en/of Ma (ι). PART 2: “The Ma requires advancing and retreating, separating and meeting.” From: Karate-do Kyohan, Maxims for the karate trainee, βEight important phrases of Karateβ. Gichin Funakoshi. photo: Yuru Chara (Japanese mascot) squeezes itself through a public transport gate. The Japanese name for costumed performers is…